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Treatment Protocol for Children and Adolescents With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia - AIEOP-BFM ALL 2017
The understanding of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in childhood and adolescence has largely changed due to extensive genetic research in recent years: ALL is now considered to be a very heterogeneous disease group. The leukemia cells present themselves with quite differently activated regulatory mechanisms of the malignant phenotype. The introduction of more accurate methods of assessing therapy response ("minimal residual disease \[MRD\] tests") has provided new insights into very different mechanisms of action, including factors influenced by host factors; this has had practical clinical consequences for the use of more individualized therapy.
Multimodal therapies have enabled a cure level of over 80% for ALL in this age group. However, the own and international study data show that the therapy toxicity of the contemporary chemotherapy concepts has become unacceptably high, in particular with respect to those intensified therapies used for the treatment of patients at high risk of ALL relapse. The AIEOP-BFM ALL 2017 study therefore aims for an innovative integrated approach that will not only adapt the risk stratification to new prognostic markers using more comprehensive diagnostics, but above all, qualitatively reorient the therapy.
The most important consequence will be that this study is testing immunotherapy with the bispecific antibody blinatumomab as an alternative to particularly intensive and toxic chemotherapy elements in precursor B-cell ALL (pB-ALL) patients with detectable chemotherapy resistance and at high risk of relapse. With the aim to complement the effects of the conventional chemotherapy, Blinatumomab is in addition tested in the large group of pB-ALL patients at intermediate relapse risk with seemingly unremarkable leukemia, but who account for a large proportion of all relapses. Targeted therapy is also used in the form of the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib for patients with pB-ALL and slow response to the drugs of the induction chemotherapy with the aim to overcome intrinsic chemotherapy resistance of the ALL cells.
In patients with T-lineage ALL, who have particularly poor chances for cure after relapse, the established consolidation chemotherapy has proved to be particularly effective. This chemotherapy phase is therefore tested in a longer and more intensive form in such T-ALL patients with intermediate or slow early treatment response with the aim to reduce the relapses rate in this subgroup.
Study details:
Patients are stratified into 4 early risk groups for therapy during the consolidation phase (T/early SR, T/early non-SR, pB/early non-HR, pB/early HR) and 5 risk groups for post-consolidation therapy (T/non-HR, T/HR, pB/SR, pB/MR, pB/HR). Risk stratification is based on immunophenotypic lineage, genetics of leukemic cells and treatment response on the basis of cytomorphology and methods for detection minimal residual disease. The trial includes four randomized study questions testing experimental treatments on top of the risk-stratified standard chemotherapy backbone:.
Primary study questions:. Randomization R-eHR: Early High-risk (early HR) pB-ALL defined by genetics and/or inadequate treatment response over the course of induction: Can the probability of event-free survival (pEFS) from time of randomization be improved by additional therapy with the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib during an extended consolidation treatment phase compared with standard extended consolidation?. Randomization R-HR: High-risk (HR) pB-ALL defined by genetics and/or inadequate treatment response by the end of consolidation: Can the pEFS from time of randomization be improved by a treatment concept including two cycles of post-consolidation immunotherapy with blinatumomab (15 µg/m²/d for 28 days per cycle) plus 4 doses intrathecal Methotrexate replacing two conventional highly intensive chemotherapy courses?.
Randomization R-MR: Intermediate risk (MR) pB-ALL defined by genetics and intermediate MRD response: Can the probability of disease-free survival (pDFS) from time of randomization be improved by additional therapy with one cycle of post-reintensification immunotherapy with blinatumomab (15 µg/m²/d for 28 days)?. Randomization R-T: Early non-standard risk (early non-SR) T-ALL patients defined by treatment response over the course of induction: Can the pEFS from time of randomization be improved by the extension of the standard of care consolidation phase by 14 days with an increase of the consolidation cumulative doses of Cyclophosphamide, Cytarabine and 6-Mercaptopurine by 50%?. Secondary study questions:.
All randomizations: Can the overall survival be improved by the treatment in the experimental arm?. All randomizations: What is the incidence of treatment-related toxicities and mortality in the experimental arm compared to the standard arm?. Randomization R-eHR: Can the MRD load after consolidation treatment be reduced by the additional treatment with bortezomib?.
Randomization R-HR: Can treatment-related life-threatening complications and mortality during the intensified consolidation phase of high-risk treatment be reduced when replacing two intensive chemotherapy courses by two cycles of immunotherapy with blinatumomab?. Randomization R-HR: What is the proportion of patients with insufficient MRD response to blinatumomab as defined in the protocol as compared to the MRD response after the HR-2' block in the control arm?. Randomization R-HR: Can the MRD load after the first treatment cycle (HR 2'/blinatumomab) and the second cycle (HR-3'/blinatumomab) be reduced in the experimental arm when compared with conventional intensive chemotherapy? Randomization R-MR: What is the proportion of patients with positive MRD after reintensification Protocol II who become MRD-negative over the blinatumomab cycle compared to 4 weeks of standard maintenance therapy?.
Randomization R-T: Can the MRD load after consolidation treatment be reduced by extension of the consolidation phase?. Standard-risk patients: Is the clinical outcome comparable to that obtained for standard-risk patients in study AIEOP-BFM ALL 2009?. A small subgroup of patients at very high relapse risk is eligible for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation after the intensified consolidation therapy phase.
Patients with T-ALL and hyperleukocytosis (\>=100,000/µL) and patients with CNS involvement at diagnosis (CNS3 status) are eligible for cranial irradiation with 12 Gy if age at time of irradiation is at least 4 years.
Eligibility criteria
Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. See if you qualify.
Inclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria
Eligibility
Age eligible for study : 0 and older
Healthy volunteers accepted : No
Gender eligible for study: All
Things to know
Study dates
Study start: 2018-07-15
Primary completion: 2028-07-14
Study completion finish: 2028-07-14
Study type
TREATMENT
Phase
PHASE3
Trial ID
NCT03643276
Intervention or treatment
DRUG: Blinatumomab
DRUG: Bortezomib
DRUG: Cyclophosphamide
DRUG: Cytarabine
DRUG: Daunorubicin
DRUG: Myocet
DRUG: Dexamethasone
DRUG: Doxorubicin
DRUG: Etoposide
DRUG: Fludarabine Phosphate
DRUG: Ifosfamide
DRUG: 6-Mercaptopurine
DRUG: Methotrexate
DRUG: Pegaspargase
DRUG: Prednisolone
DRUG: Tioguanin
DRUG: Vincristine
DRUG: Vindesine
DRUG: Erwinase
Conditions
- • Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Pediatric
Find a site
Closest Location:
Sydney Children's Hospital
Research sites nearby
Select from list below to view details:
Sydney Children's Hospital
Sydney, Not Specified, Australia
The Children's Hospital at Westmead
Westmead, Not Specified, Australia
Study Plan
This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.
How is the study designed?
| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
|---|---|
ACTIVE_COMPARATOR: pB: early (non-)HR-standard/MR-standard
| DRUG: Cyclophosphamide
|
EXPERIMENTAL: pB: early HR-exp./MR-standard
| DRUG: Bortezomib
|
EXPERIMENTAL: pB: early (non)HR-standard/MR-exp.
| DRUG: Blinatumomab
|
EXPERIMENTAL: pB: early HR-exp./MR-exp.
| DRUG: Blinatumomab
|
ACTIVE_COMPARATOR: pB: early (non-)HR-standard/HR-standard
| DRUG: Cyclophosphamide
|
EXPERIMENTAL: pB: early HR-exp./HR-standard
| DRUG: Cyclophosphamide
|
EXPERIMENTAL: pB: early (non-)HR-standard/HR-exp.
| DRUG: Blinatumomab
|
EXPERIMENTAL: pB: early HR-exp./HR-exp.
| DRUG: Blinatumomab
|
OTHER: pB: early non-HR/SR
| DRUG: Cyclophosphamide
|
ACTIVE_COMPARATOR: T: early non-SR-standard/(non-)HR
| DRUG: Cyclophosphamide
|
EXPERIMENTAL: T: early non-SR-exp/(non-)HR
| DRUG: Cyclophosphamide
|
OTHER: T: early SR/non-HR
| DRUG: Cyclophosphamide
|
What is the study measuring?
Primary outcome
| Primary Outcome Measure | Primary Outcome Description | Primary Outcome Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Event-free survival | Randomization R-eHR, R-HR and R-T: Time from randomization until the first event defined as follow: cytomorphological or molecular non-response (resistance to protocol treatment, considered as event at day zero), relapse, second malignancy or death from any cause. This will be called EFS time. | Assessed up to 120 months from start of study |
| Disease-free survival | Randomization R-MR: Time from randomization until the first event defined as follow: Relapse, second malignancy or death from any cause. This will be called DFS time. | Assessed up to 120 months from start of study |
Secondary outcome
| Secondary Outcome Measure | Secondary Outcome Description | Secondary Outcome Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Survival | All patients/randomizations: Time until death from any cause, starting at the same time point as the EFS/DFS. | Assessed up to 120 months from start of study |
| Treatment-related mortality | Frequency and incidence of treatment-related mortality in induction or continuous complete remission | Assessed up to 120 months from start of study |
| Adverse Events of interest/Serious Adverse Events | Frequency and incidence of adverse events of interest and serious adverse events in specific protocol phases, randomized arms and overall during follow-up | Assessed up to 120 months from start of study |
| MRD response | MRD load after the randomized treatment phases (R-eHR, R-HR, R-MR and R-T) as well as after the first/second cycle of Blinatumomab or after the HR 2'/HR 3' block (R-HR) | Measurements of MRD response at end of randomized treatments (intended time frame 13 weeks in R-eHR/R-T, 26 weeks in R-HR, 34 weeks in R-MR). |
| Proportion of patients with Blina Poor-Response | Proportion of patients with poor MRD response to the first Blinatumomab cycle ("Blinatumomab Poor-Response") (R-HR) | Measurements of MRD response intended after 30 weeks from individual start of treatment, assessment of proportion at 120 months from start of study |
Frequently Asked Questions
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