Study details:

The RECOMMEND Platform trial is an investigator initiated, multicentre, open labelled, randomised controlled Platform Trial that will utilise Bayesian adaptive logic to investigate the efficacy and safety of multiple study interventions simultaneously or sequentially in cohorts of adult patients who are receiving ECMO from ICUs participating in the national ECMO registry (EXCEL) in Australian and New Zealand ICU hospitals. In this platform trial, various interventions within the scope of standard care will be investigated for their potential to improve outcomes for patients undergoing ECMO. Standard care will be used as the common control arm for all intervention cohorts.

Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) is an invasive and resource intensive treatment used to support critically ill patients suffering from severe cardiac arrest, cardiac failure or respiratory failure. ECMO provides mechanical circulatory support, temporarily replacing the function of the heart and/or lungs, allowing time for these organs to recover. Globally, the use of ECMO has increased rapidly over the past decade.

It is both invasive and expensive, with the average cost for a single admission in Australia exceeding more than $180,000 and a total annual cost of \> $75 million. Despite its high cost, ECMO is associated with a high mortality rate, and many survivors have compromised functional recovery for months or years after discharge from hospital, further adding to the long-terms costs of care. The main complications reported in the national ECMO registry from 2019-2022 include bleeding (51.

4%), renal failure and fluid overload (78. 4%), and death and ongoing disability (66%). These were confirmed as research priorities by consumers and end-users.

While the use of ECMO increases swiftly, the evidence base to support the growing patient numbers receiving this care has not grown at the same rate, resulting in important evidence gaps. The RECOMMEND Platform Trial will address these evidence gaps in ECMO services in Australia. A platform trial is a type of study design that evaluates multiple treatment interventions for a single condition or device simultaneously within a single, overarching framework.

This framework operates similarly to a standard operating procedure for study logistics, ethics management, funding, staffing, and statistical and data collection methods. Having an approved process (platform) for the 'Platform Trial' to operate saves time and money and increases speed of clinical trial onboarding to outcome resolution for researchers, hospital staff, ethics committees, and stakeholders. With this platform in place, future studies of similar ECMO outcomes can be onboarded more efficiently, as described above, and it creates a more powerful pool of data for impactful patient-centred research.

The aim of the RECOMMEND Platform Trial is to determine, in patients with acute cardiorespiratory failure requiring ECMO, the efficacy, safety and cost-effectiveness of a range of interventions. Over the lifetime of RECOMMEND, it is anticipated that new interventions will be added as new domains. The creation of new domains will be considered according to priorities set by relevant working groups, based on existing or new clinical need and there being sufficient statistical power available within RECOMMEND.

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